Compare Baker Island (2002) - Liechtenstein (2004)

Compare Baker Island (2002) z Liechtenstein (2004)

	Baker Island (2002)	Liechtenstein (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 17.8% (male 2,950; female 3,014) 15-64 years: 70.5% (male 11,745; female 11,837) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 1,598; female 2,292) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Airports	1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable	none (2003 est.)
Area	total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.	The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight have resulted in concerns about the use of the financial institutions for money laundering. Liechtenstein has, however, implemented new anti-money-laundering legislation and recently concluded a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US.
Birth rate	-	10.65 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $424.2 million expenditures: $414.1 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1998 est.)
Capital	-	Vaduz
Climate	equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun	continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Coastline	4.8 km	0 km (doubly landlocked)
Constitution	-	5 October 1921
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island	conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein
Currency	-	Swiss franc (CHF)
Death rate	-	6.94 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$0 (2001)
Dependency status	unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein, but the US Ambassador to Switzerland is also accredited to Liechtenstein
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE chancery: 1300 Eye Street NW, Suite 550W, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 216-0460 FAX: [1] (202) 216-0459
Disputes - international	none	Liechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for 1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918
Economic aid - recipient	-	none
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 8 m	lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m highest point: Grauspitz 2,599 m
Environment - current issues	no natural fresh water resources	NA
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
Exchange rates	-	Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.3467 (2003), 1.5586 (2002), 1.6876 (2001), 1.6888 (2000), 1.5022 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968) note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001) and Deputy Head of Government Rita KIEBER-BECK (since 5 April 2001) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Diet is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Diet is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch
Exports	-	$2.47 billion (1996)
Exports - commodities	-	small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products
Exports - partners	-	EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7%
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of the US is used	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $825 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: 40% services: NA (1999)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	11% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates	0 13 N, 176 31 W	47 16 N, 9 32 E
Geography - note	treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife	along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Highways	-	total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector
Imports	-	$917.3 million (1996)
Imports - commodities	-	agricultural products, raw materials, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Imports - partners	-	EU, Switzerland
Independence	-	23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	-	electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 4.77 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	1% (2001)
International organization participation	-	CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht
Labor force	-	29,000 of whom 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 1.3%, industry 47.4%, services 51.3% (31 December 2001 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2001)
Languages	-	German (official), Alemannic dialect
Legal system	the laws of the US, where applicable, apply	local civil and penal codes; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 February 2001 (next to be held by NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 49.90%, VU 41.35%, FL 8.71%; seats by party - FBP 13, VU 11, FL 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 79.4 years male: 75.8 years female: 83.02 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 10 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%
Location	Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia	Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Map references	Oceania	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard	defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
National holiday	-	Assumption Day, 15 August
Nationality	-	noun: Liechtensteiner(s) adjective: Liechtenstein
Natural hazards	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard	NA
Natural resources	guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife	hydroelectric potential, arable land
Net migration rate	-	4.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 20 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	-	Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf RITTER]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2002 est.)	33,436 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-	0.86% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast	none
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	-	Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	-	general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Telephones - main lines in use	-	19,900 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	11,400 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	-	NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Terrain	low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef	mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Total fertility rate	-	1.51 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Transportation - note	there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast	-
Unemployment rate	-	1.3% (September 2002)
Waterways	none	28 km (2004)

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